In the heartland of Ghana, where approximately 94 million shea trees produce up to 60,000 metric tonnes of shea nuts every year, Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) is revolutionizing the shea butter industry. OTI has implemented a hybrid approach to shea butter production, combining traditional handcrafting methods with modern mechanization. This innovative strategy aims to maximize the benefits of both methods, accommodating the needs of its diverse clientele worldwide. Harvesting varies year-to-year due to climate, accessibility, and market fluctuations. Some estimates suggest up to 20% of shea nuts might remain unpicked, while reports indicate Ghana's exports of shea products (primarily shea butter) are growing steadily. In 2022, the export of shea butter from Ghana was estimated to be 38,792 tonnes, worth US$92.6 million, while shea nut kernels worth US$20 million (36,162 tonnes) were exported in the same year, making Ghana the world's fourth largest producer of shea products. OTI’s hybrid approach is designed to increase efficiency and yield while preserving the traditional practices that have been the backbone of the shea industry for centuries. The company’s monthly capacity supply of mechanized shea butter is an impressive 500 metric tonnes . Parallely, OTI continues to produce its traditional handcrafted shea butter, honoring the centuries-old methods employed by the women of Ghana. This dual approach caters to the varying preferences of OTI’s global clientele. For the more cost-sensitive buyers, the mechanized shea butter offers an affordable option without compromising on quality. Conversely, for those who are more impact-minded, the handcrafted shea butter provides a product steeped in tradition and positive social impact. The mechanization aspect of OTI’s operations is designed to reduce the estimated 20% harvest loss, increase production, and stimulate the local economy. It offers potential job creation in processing plants and increased income for farmers. As an impact-minded company, OTI is mindful of the challenges that come with mechanization. The CEO of Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) shared insights into the challenges the Company faced. One of the key dilemmas was navigating the complex landscape of sustainability and sector collaboration in Ghana. We understand mechanized production could create competition for women making handcrafted shea butter, potentially impacting their income and livelihoods. This, therefore, required careful planning and integration to ensure benefits reach all stakeholders. (Esthy Ama Asante, the CEO of Organic Trade and Investments (OTI)). The company is committed to implementing sustainable practices that consider potential environmental impacts on the shea tree ecosystem and soil health. OTI’s continued production of handcrafted shea butter for the beauty industry supports the women’s cooperatives in Ghana. These cooperatives have been turning shea nuts into butter for centuries. By empowering these women through training, equipment upgrades, and market access, Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) ensures they benefit from increased production and secure fair prices for their products. Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) has consistently ramped up the production and supply of handcrafted shea butter, scaling from 18 tons to 100 tonnes per month over the past four years. "The commitment of the Company to quality and growth is indeed commendable," noted one regular buyer of shea butter of OTI. An associate partner of the company commends the initiative undertaken by OTI’s management: OTI’s hybrid approach to shea butter production in Ghana is a testament to the company’s commitment to innovation, sustainability, and social responsibility. By balancing mechanization with traditional practices, OTI is not only enhancing the shea butter industry but also contributing to the economic development of rural Ghana.

The difference between tapioca flour and cassava flour is that tapioca flour is made from the starch extracted from the cassava root, while cassava flour is made from the whole cassava root. Tapioca flour has a neutral flavor and a high starch content, making it ideal for thickening soups, sauces, puddings, and desserts. Cassava flour, also known as manioc, has a mild and neutral nutty flavor, powdery texture, and a lower starch content, making it suitable for baking breads, cakes, cookies, and other gluten-free and grain-free and it can be used as a substitute for wheat flour in baking and cooking . It is widely used in West African and Brazilian cuisine, especially to make farofa, a toasted cassava flour mixture that is often served as a side dish or a topping for meat and beans. Tapioca flour and cassava flour also have different nutritional profiles. Tapioca flour is low in protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, but high in calories and carbohydrates. Cassava flour is higher in protein, fat, fiber, vitamin C, and copper than tapioca flour, but still lower than other root vegetables. Cassava flour also contains more resistant starch than tapioca flour, which may benefit digestive health, blood sugar control, and metabolic syndrome. Nontheless, both flours have some drawbacks that should be considered before using them. Tapioca flour can cause spikes in blood sugar levels due to its high glycemic index. Cassava flour can contain harmful compounds called cyanogenic glycosides if not processed properly. These compounds can interfere with thyroid function and cause goiter or iodine deficiency if consumed in large amounts. It is therefore important to cook both flours well before eating them and consume them in moderation. To summarize, tapioca flour and cassava flour are both gluten-free flours made from the cassava plant, but they have different processes, flavors, textures, and uses. Tapioca flour is starchier and more flavorless than cassava flour, while cassava flour is more fibrous and nuttier than tapioca flour. Tapioca flour is better for thickening liquids, while cassava flour is better for baking solids. Tapioca flour is lower in nutrients than cassava flour, while cassava flour is higher in resistant starch than tapioca flour.

E-commerce and Agribusiness company, Organic Trade and Investments has entered a sales agreement with South African company, EBK Distributors (Pty) Ltd , a subsidiary of EBK Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd . This deal will enable the latter to disburse OTI-labelled products to customers in and around South Africa. These include authentic African Black Soap, Shea Butter, Cold-Pressed Virgin Coconut Oil, among others. This partnership will make access to and delivery of authentic organic OTI products to customers in Southern Africa easier than ever. EBK Distributors will also be able to redistribute and sell products supplied by Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) either in EBK's owned brand or as a white label in bulk to their end customers in the sub-region except for all Fonio products, which will remain in the brand name; OTI, as a way of positioning the grain as one of the products the AgriTech Company has been promoting for its reintroduction in our daily diet. The company has a track record of distributing products by partnering with local and international companies. They work with big brands in SA such as Bidfood, Joekels Tea Packers, Tsitsikamma Chrystal Water, Chilla Beverages, etc… About EBK Foods (Pty) Ltd and mother company EBK Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd has three subsidiaries namely; EBK Foods (Pty)Ltd - principal manufacturing agent of non-alcoholic beverages and bulk catering supplies, EBK Distributors (Pty)Ltd –, Sales & Distribution Services, EBK Solutions (Pty)Ltd - Sales and Marketing. EBK Foods (Pty) Ltd is a 100% black, women and youth-owned South African company, an appointed agent on behalf of manufacturers. EBK formed has strong relationships with local and international manufacturers within the FMCG sector. The company specializes in the sales and distribution of perishable/non-perishable and allied products to the hospitality, wholesale, and retail Industries. EBK Foods recently embarked on co-packing agreements for its private-label house brands. The Executive Team Kayla Weimers – Director Kayla completed her LLB (Law Degree) in 2020. She is currently (2021) active in the business. She will however enrol as a candidate attorney in 2022. Kayla has chosen a competent management structure to look after the day-to-day requirements of the business whilst she embarks on the completion of her articles. Kayla will still be involved in the business albeit on a part-time basis. Upon completion of her articles, Kayla will join the business on a full-time basis in her capacity as the CEO. Elroy Weimers – Operations / Commercial Executive Elroy is a seasoned entrepreneur who was instrumental in several start-up ventures in a career spanning 30 years. His career started from working in his catering business after which he joined a professional catering company. With his vast experience in operations management, new business development, facilities management, human resources, and supply chain it is no wonder the business is growing at a good rate. Beryl Weimers – Business Development Executive Beryl has worked in various capacities, in both private and public sector industries. Beryl is one of the founding members of EBK. Her core attributes and strengths are new business development. Her expertise in business administration, strategic planning, project management, and new business development will be a most valuable resource. Contact EKB Distributors: General Enquiries: info@ebkdistributors.co.za Orders: orders@ebkdistributors.co.za Phone: 087 702 6413 Fax: 086 578 2333

Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) , Ghana's first virtual agribusiness and blockchain export trading company, is revolutionizing the agriculture-technology industry through partnerships and innovations. With its primary focus on promoting small-scale holders and manufacturers from Africa, OTI is creating a significant impact on the global trade landscape. On January 31, 2024, OTI delegates participated in the Turkey-Ghana trade delegation and B2B meetings, marking a significant milestone in fostering international trade relations. This participation underscores OTI’s commitment to enhancing trade opportunities for African manufacturers. In 2022, Turkey’s exports to Africa stood at a staggering 23.60 billion USD, with 7.9 billion USD worth of goods exported to Sub-Saharan countries. This figure indicates the immense potential and opportunities that lie within the African market. However, the trade balance tilted heavily in favor of Turkey in 2023, with Turkey’s export to Ghana exceeding 200 million USD, while Ghana’s export to Turkey was approximately 100 million USD. This imbalance underscores the need for a more equitable trade relationship between the two nations. Ghana’s export potential extends beyond its natural resources. The country’s Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are advocating for fair trade and better negotiation of bilateral agreements. OTI aims to export value-added products, particularly for Turkey’s burgeoning beauty industry. The Turkiye Exporters Assembly plays a pivotal role in promoting their members and exports for the African market. By facilitating trade opportunities, they are contributing to the growth and development of both Turkish and African economies. Organic Trade and Investments (OTI)'s CEO explains how the company is pioneering this era of trade: OTI’s innovative approach, coupled with the proactive role of trading missions, is paving the way for a new era of trade. By promoting small-scale holders and manufacturers from Africa and advocating for fair trade practices, they are not only boosting economic growth but also empowering communities and fostering sustainable development.

If you have ever used authentic artisanal natural African black soap , you may have noticed that it becomes softer once it comes in contact with water and it does not produce as much foam as the commercial soaps you find on the market. This is not a sign of poor quality, but rather a result of the different ingredients and processes used to make the soap. In this article, we will explain why authentic artisanal natural African black soap is less foamy than commercial soaps, and why this is actually beneficial for your skin. What is Authentic Artisanal Natural African Black Soap? Authentic artisanal natural African black soap is a traditional skin care product that originated in West Africa, especially in countries like Ghana, Nigeria, and Benin. It is made from locally harvested ingredients like plant cocoa pod ash, oils, and shea butter. The plant materials (husks, shells, or barks of plantains, coconut, cocoa pods, and shea trees) are burned until they form a dark ash and then the ash is combined with the oils and shea butter to form the soap. This process does not involve sodium hydroxide, which is a strong alkali used to make commercial soaps. What is Sodium Hydroxide and How Does It Affect the Foaminess of Soap? Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a chemical compound that is used to make soap by reacting with fats or oils. Sodium hydroxide increases the pH of the soap, making it more alkaline and foamier. Nonetheless, sodium hydroxide can be harsh and drying on the skin, especially for sensitive skin types. Sodium hydroxide may strip the natural oils from the skin, leaving it dry and irritated. It is important to apply body cream or lotion such as shea butter, cocoa butter, shea oil or coconut oil to moisturize your skin. Why is Authentic Artisanal Natural African Black Soap Less Foamy and Gentler on the Skin? Authentic artisanal natural African black soap has a lower pH and is more acidic, making it less foamy but gentler and moisturizing on the skin. It also has natural antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that can benefit the skin. It helps treat various skin conditions, such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, and fungal infections. It can also help to exfoliate the dead skin cells, unclog the pores, and brighten the complexion. For individuals with sensitive skin, regularly using plant-based body creams may optimize irritation resistance and overall comfort. What You Need to Know: Commercial soaps are foamy but harsh on the skin, as they contain sodium hydroxide, a strong alkali that makes soap more alkaline. Authentic artisanal natural African black soap is less foamy but gentle on the skin, as it contains plant cocoa pod ash, oils, and shea butter, which make soap more acidic. Authentic artisanal natural African black soap also has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that can improve the skin’s health and appearance. For those seeking natural solutions, handcrafted African black soap stands out. Its unique blend of plant-based ingredients cleanses deeply and nourishes gently, revealing your skin's natural beauty.

If you love chocolate, you might be curious about how it is made and what ingredients are used. One of the most important components of chocolate is cocoa cake, which is also known as cocoa solids. Cocoa cake is the dry, solid part of the cocoa bean that remains after the cocoa butter (the fat) is extracted. Cocoa cake is what gives chocolate its rich flavor, color, and health benefits. But what do chocolatiers use cocoa cake for? How do they transform this bitter and powdery substance into delicious and smooth chocolate products? Let's dive a little bit into the subject and see what some of the ways are that cocoa cake is used in the chocolate industry: Making different types of chocolate. Cocoa cake is the main ingredient in dark chocolate, which contains at least 50% cocoa solids. Milk chocolate contains less cocoa cake (around 10-20%) and more milk and sugar. White chocolate does not contain any cocoa cake, only cocoa butter and other ingredients. By varying the amount and quality of cocoa cake, chocolatiers can create different types of chocolate with different flavors, textures, and colors. Making chocolate confections. Cocoa cake is also used to make various chocolate confections, such as truffles, pralines, bonbons, ganaches, and more. Cocoa cake can be mixed with cream, butter, nuts, fruits, spices, liqueurs, and other ingredients to create different fillings and coatings for these treats. Cocoa cake can also be used to dust or decorate the surface of these confections for a more appealing look. Making cocoa drinks. Cocoa cake is used to make hot or cold cocoa drinks, such as hot chocolate, mocha, or chocolate milk. Cocoa cake can be dissolved in water, milk, cream, or other liquids and sweetened with sugar or other sweeteners. Cocoa drinks can also be flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, mint, or other ingredients for a more delicious taste. Making baked goods. Cocoa cake can be used to make various baked goods, such as cakes, brownies, cookies, muffins, pies, and more. Cocoa cake can be added to the batter or dough to give it a chocolate flavor and color. Cocoa cake can also be used to make frosting, glaze, or icing for these baked goods. Cocoa cake can also be sprinkled on top of these baked goods for a more attractive appearance. As you can see, cocoa cake is a versatile and essential ingredient in the chocolate industry. It is what makes chocolate so delicious and diverse. Next time you enjoy a piece of chocolate or a chocolate treat, you can appreciate the role of cocoa cake in making it possible.

Shea butter is a natural product that comes from the nut of the shea tree, which grows in Africa. It has been used for centuries for its moisturizing and healing properties, as well as for cooking and hair care. Shea butter can be found in two forms: refined and unrefined. But do you know what are the differences between them, and which one is better for your skin and health? Refined vs Unrefined Shea Butter Refined shea butter is the result of a process that uses high levels of heat and sometimes chemicals to extract the butter from the nuts. This process removes the natural color, smell, and texture of the shea butter, making it white, odorless, and smooth. OTI has found out that, in the Western countries, refined shea butter is easier to work with and has a longer shelf life, which is why it is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products, unlike in the MEA region, where clients prefer patronizing the raw shea butter. The refining process of shea butter strips away many of the nutrients and beneficial compounds that make raw shea butter so great for the skin. Up to 75% of the bioactive ingredients are lost during the refining process. It's important to know that, at Organic Trade and Invesmtents (OTI), we do not use chemicals to refine the butter to obtain the refined shea butter. Our refined shea butter is obtained by over heating the raw shea butter. Converserly, unrefined shea butter is the purest form of shea butter and it is extracted using traditional methods that do not involve high heat or chemicals. Unrefined shea butter retains its natural color, which can vary from ivory to yellow or green, depending on the region and season of harvest. It also has a distinctive nutty and smoky smell, which some people love and others dislike. Unrefined shea butter has a thick and chunky texture. This makes the butter harder to spread and apply than refined shea butter. Nontheless, unrefined shea butter preserves all of its vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents, which give it its amazing moisturizing and healing properties. Usage in the Industry Both refined and unrefined shea butter are used in various industries, such as beauty, food, and medicine. Refined shea butter is more popular in the beauty industry, as it can be easily incorporated into different products, such as lotions, creams, soaps, shampoos, conditioners, lip balms, and more. Refined shea butter is also preferred by some consumers who do not like the smell or color of unrefined shea butter. However, refined shea butter does not offer the same benefits as unrefined shea butter, and it may also contain traces of chemicals or additives that can be harmful to the skin or health. Unrefined shea butter is also used in the beauty industry, especially by natural and organic brands that value the quality and purity of their ingredients. Unrefined shea butter can be used by itself or mixed with other oils, essential oils, or herbs to create homemade skincare products, such as body butters, face masks, scrubs, salves, and more. Moroever, unrefined shea butter is used in the food industry, as it is edible and can be used as a cooking oil, a butter substitute, or a chocolate ingredient. Unrefined shea butter is also used in the medicine industry, as it has been proven to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, and it can help treat various skin conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, burns, wounds, insect bites, and more. Health Benefits or Risks Both refined and unrefined shea butter have some health benefits and risks, depending on how they are used and by whom. Refined shea butter can be beneficial for the skin, as it can provide hydration, softness, and protection. However, refined shea butter can also be risky, as it can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or inflammation, especially for people with sensitive skin or allergies. Refined shea butter can also be contaminated with chemicals or additives that can be harmful to the skin or health, such as hexane, bleach, or preservatives. Therefore, it is important to check the label and ingredients of any product that contains refined shea butter, and to do a patch test before using it. Unrefined shea butter can be beneficial for both the skin and the health, as it can provide nourishment, healing, and regeneration. Unrefined shea butter can help moisturize, soothe, repair, and protect the skin, as well as reduce inflammation, redness, itching, and pain. Unrefined shea butter can also help boost the immune system, fight infections, lower cholesterol, and improve blood circulation. Unrefined shea butter can also be risky, as it can also cause allergic reactions, irritation, or inflammation, especially for people with nut allergies or latex sensitivity. Unrefined shea butter can also be affected by the quality and freshness of the nuts, the storage and handling conditions, and the exposure to light, heat, or air. Therefore, it is important to buy unrefined shea butter from a reputable source, and to store it in a cool, dark, and dry place. What you need to take away: Shea butter is a wonderful natural product that can offer many benefits for the skin and health but you need to know that not all shea butter is created equal, and there are significant differences between refined and unrefined shea butter. Refined shea butter is white, odorless, and smooth, but it has lost most of its nutrients and beneficial compounds during the refining process, while; Unrefined shea butter is colorful, fragrant, and chunky, but it has preserved all of its vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents. Depending on your preferences and needs, you can choose the type of shea butter that suits you best, and enjoy its amazing properties.

Shea butter has a long history of use in many cultures around the world, but in recent years, it has gained increasing popularity in the beauty industry. This versatile ingredient has evolved over time, both in how it is produced and how it is used. In this blog post, Organic Trade and Investments looks into the evolution of shea butter and its socioeconomic impact production on rural communities in West Africa, with an eye on Ghana, emphasizing the role this semi-finished raw ingredient plays in empowering women and promoting sustainable farming practices and the circular economy model. Origins and Traditional Use Shea butter comes from the nut of the shea tree, which is native to West Africa. For centuries, women in West Africa have been harvesting the nuts and processing them to extract the butter. According to Grin.de, the annual yield of shea nut is about 600,000 tons in West Africa. About 58% of the raw nuts are exported, while just about 250,000 tons are processed and consumed locally. It is believed that the region could have increased the yield to one million tonnes, annually. Unfortunately, due to a lack of proper infrastructure, more than 50% of the nuts are left unpicked. These nuts are handpicked by the women of the communities. Processing the nuts into butter remains the main income activity of women in the Northern parts of Ghana. Traditionally, shea butter was used for cooking or applied on the skin to prevent and treat dryness, as a natural sunscreen, and as a treatment for minor wounds in its raw form. In recent times, we have experienced a shift in the application of shea butter and an increased demand for the product on the international market. More and more cosmetic products integrate shea butter as a base ingredient for its rich and creamy texture. Additionally, the food industry recorded spectacular growth in the demand for shea butter in 2019. Modern Use in Beauty Products Indeed, in the last decades, shea butter has become one of the most popular natural ingredients in beauty products. This plant-based ingredient is often touted for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to being used in skin care products like lotions, creams, and soaps, it is also used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. Future Market Insight's overview report reveals that the shea butter market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.7% between 2022 and 2032, surpassing US$ 5.5 Billion by 2032. The shea butter market value was estimated at US$ 2.6 Billion with a global shea butter demand registered year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth of 8.2% in 2022. Industrialization and Commercialization of Shea Butter As an alternative to animal fat in food production, shea butter is being commercialized worldwide and widely used as a Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE). According to studies, the global shea butter market size in the food industry was valued at USD 2.07 billion in 2021. Regrettably, industrialization is synonymous with mass production coupled with raking in a substantial amount of money without necessarily paying attention to the wellbeing of the customer and the environment. With the advent of industrialization, shea butter production began to shift from small-scale, handmade processes to larger, commercial productions. This brought about changes in how the butter was processed, leading to the removal of some of the nut's natural substances, which can affect its efficacy. Refined shea butter is one of the types of shea butter this industrialization brought about. Cosmetics brands in Western countries prefer using refined white shea butter instead of applying unrefined pure shea butter, which has all its natural properties. The refined shea butter segment is poised to be worth USD 2.9 billion by 2032. According to studies, refined and ultra-refined segments are expected to cross at 16.3% CAGR and to cite at 14.3% CAGR in North America region by 2032. In recent years, there has been a push to use shea butter that is produced sustainably and ethically, without the use of harmful chemicals or practices that exploit workers. This has led to the development of Fair Trade and organic shea butter products, which are gaining in popularity. Regardless of regulations being put in place to "sanitize" the industry and change customers' behaviors toward the products they are consuming, there is an emerging greenwash practice. Future Trends As consumers become increasingly aware of the environmental and social impacts of the products they use, there is likely to be continued growth in the demand for sustainable and ethically sourced shea butter. There are also many opportunities for innovation in shea butter products, such as incorporating it into makeup cosmetics or using it to create natural perfumes. Organic Trade and Investments, who has made shea butter as one of its flagship products believes in the further evolution of shea butter. shea butter has come a long way from its traditional roots in West Africa to its widespread use in modern beauty products. Its versatility and natural properties continue to make it a popular ingredient, with increasing focus on ethical and sustainable production methods.

Okra is a green, pod-shaped vegetable that is widely consumed in Ghana and other parts of Africa. It is also known as okro, lady’s fingers, or gumbo in different regions of the world. Okra has a long and rich history that traces back to ancient times, when it was cultivated and traded across continents and cultures. However, in recent years, okra has been overshadowed by other crops that are more popular or profitable in the global market. This article aims to explore the origins, benefits, and potential of okra as one of Ghana’s lost ancient crops. A Bit of Background History Okra is believed to have originated in Ethiopia, where it has been grown since at least 2000 BC. From there, it spread to other parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East through trade and migration. Okra was introduced to the Americas by enslaved Africans during the transatlantic slave trade. Okra was also brought to Europe by Portuguese traders in the 16th century. Today, okra is grown and consumed in many tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world. Okra is a warm season crop that can adapt to various environmental conditions and challenges. It can grow well in poor soils, droughts, heat, pests, and diseases. Okra is grown in various regions of Ghana, but it is more common in the southern and central parts of the country. According to our internal research, some of the major okra cultivating areas in Ghana are: Greater Accra Region: This region produces about 14% of the national okra output. Ada West, Ga South, Ga West, and Ningo Prampram are the main districts that grow okra. Central Region grows 13% of the national okra output. Some of the districts that grow okra are Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese, Agona West, Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam, and Gomoa West. Ashanti Region with about 12% of the national okra output, Afigya-Kwabre, Asante Akim Central, Asante Akim North, and Atwima Nwabiagya are the main districts that cultivate okra. Eastern Region provides about 11% of the national okra output with the main cultivating districts located in Akuapim North, Akuapim South, Asuogyaman, and Birim Central. Volta Region also produces about 10% of the national okra output. Adaklu, Agotime-Ziope, Ho West, and Keta are the districts where okro is grown. Okra is also grown in other regions such as Brong Ahafo, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, and Western, but at lower levels. The Economic Impact and Health Benefits of Okra Okro farming is a common and profitable activity for many smallholder farmers in Ghana. The crop has provided income and food security for smallholder farmers and rural communities. Our market research reveals that on average, farmers can expect to earn a profit of around 5,000-7,000 Ghana cedis ($850-1200 USD) per acre of okra . However, this may vary depending on the season, the location, the quality, and the demand of okra in the market. Okra is a versatile and nutritious vegetable that is used in various dishes and cuisines in Ghana. While in other parts of the world, this crop is consumed, in the Ghanaian cuisine, okra is cooked, fried, pickled, or dried and added to soups, stews, salads, curries, or stir-fries. It is often used as a thickener, binder, or emulsifier due to its mucilaginous (sticky) juice. Okra is rich in antioxidants, fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. It has been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, digestion, immunity, and skin health. Despite its advantages, and as it is with other lost crops of Africa, okra faces several obstacles that limit its potential as a crop. These challenges include and are not limited to the following: Low consumer demand and preference due to its slimy texture and unfamiliar taste. Lack of research and development on improving its agronomic traits, processing methods, and value addition. Lack of awareness and education on its nutritional and medicinal properties. Lack of policy support and market access for its production and trade. To overcome these setbacks, there is a need for more efforts and collaboration among various stakeholders such as farmers, researchers, extension agents, processors, consumers, policymakers, and traders. Some of the possible interventions include: Promoting the consumption and appreciation of okra through culinary education, cultural festivals, media campaigns, and recipe development. Enhancing the quality and diversity of okra products through innovation, standardization, branding, and certification. Improving the productivity and profitability of okra farming through improved seeds, agronomic practices, pest management, post-harvest handling, and marketing. Supporting the conservation and utilization of okra genetic resources through germplasm collection, documentation, evaluation, and breeding. Okra is a valuable crop that deserves more attention and recognition for its contribution to Ghana’s food system and culture. By rediscovering its lost ancient roots and exploring its modern opportunities, okra can become a source of nourishment, income, and pride for Ghanaian people. What to note about this ancient lost crop that is also grown in the various regions in Ghana is that: Okra is also a resilient and productive crop that can adapt to various environmental conditions and challenges. It can grow well in poor soils, droughts, heat, pests, and diseases. It can produce high yields and multiple products from its pods, leaves, seeds, stems, and roots. It can also provide income and food security for smallholder farmers and rural communities.

Chocolate is one of the most popular and delicious treats in the world. But did you know that eating dark chocolate , which has a higher cocoa content than milk or white chocolate, can also have many health benefits? In this article, we will explore some of the scientific evidence behind the health benefits of eating dark chocolate daily, and how much you should eat to enjoy them. And do not hesitate to add a glass of white or red wine to your dark chocolate - they are both easy to enjoy and delicious to pair. What is dark chocolate? Dark chocolate is made from cocoa butter, cocoa solids, sugar, and sometimes other ingredients, such as vanilla or lecithin. The percentage of cocoa solids in dark chocolate determines its bitterness and nutritional value. Generally, dark chocolate has between 50% and 90% cocoa solids, while milk chocolate has between 10% and 50%, and white chocolate has none. Cocoa solids are rich in antioxidants, especially flavonoids, which are plant compounds that have various beneficial effects on the body. Flavonoids helps protect the cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause inflammation, aging, and diseases. Additionally, flavonoids improve blood flow, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and modulate insulin sensitivity. How much dark chocolate should you eat? There is no definitive answer to how much dark chocolate you should eat to reap its benefits, as different studies have used different doses and durations. However, most experts agree that moderation is key, as dark chocolate also contains calories, fat, and sugar, which can have negative effects if consumed in excess. A reasonable amount of dark chocolate to eat daily is about one ounce (28 grams), which is equivalent to a small square or two. This amount can provide about 150 calories, 9 grams of fat (5 grams of saturated fat), and 13 grams of sugar. It can also provide about 3 grams of fiber, 2 grams of protein, and some minerals, such as iron, magnesium, copper, and manganese. To maximize the benefits of dark chocolate, you should choose a high-quality product that has at least 70% cocoa solids. You should also avoid products that have added milk, vegetable oils, artificial flavors, or preservatives. You should also eat dark chocolate as part of a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. What are the benefits of eating dark chocolate daily? Eating dark chocolate daily can have various benefits for your physical and mental health. Here are some of the most common ones: Heart health : Eating dark chocolate can help lower your risk of heart disease and stroke by improving your blood flow, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammation. A meta-analysis of 14 studies found that eating dark chocolate or cocoa products was associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk and a 29% reduction in stroke risk. Another study found that eating about one ounce of dark chocolate every day for two weeks reduced blood pressure and improved insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. Brain health : Eating dark chocolate can also help boost your brain function and mood by increasing blood flow to the brain, stimulating the production of endorphins (feel-good hormones), and enhancing cognitive performance. A study found that eating high-flavanol cocoa for five days improved blood flow to the brain in healthy adults. Another study found that eating dark chocolate improved visual contrast sensitivity and working memory in young adults. Dark chocolate may also help prevent or delay cognitive decline in older adults by protecting the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation. Skin health : Eating dark chocolate can also help improve your skin health by protecting it from sun damage, increasing hydration, and reducing roughness. A study found that eating high-flavanol chocolate for 12 weeks increased skin density and hydration, improved blood flow to the skin, and reduced skin roughness and scaling. It's scientifically proven that eating high-flavanol chocolate for three months reduced the erythema (redness) induced by UV exposure by 25%. Gut health : Eating dark chocolate can also help improve your gut health by modulating the composition and activity of your gut microbiota (the community of bacteria that live in your intestines). A study found that eating dark chocolate with or without prebiotics (fiber that feeds the good bacteria) increased the growth of beneficial bacteria (such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) and reduced the growth of harmful bacteria (such as Clostridia) in healthy volunteers. Another study found that eating dark chocolate with probiotics (live bacteria that confer health benefits) enhanced their survival and colonization in the gut. When you feel sad and lonely, get yourself a glass of red wine with some dark chocolate. They are both delicious and nutritious treats that come with many benefits for your health. Remember, moderation is the key to enjoying the benefits of dark chocolate without the drawbacks and should eat consume them as part of a balanced diet that includes other healthy foods.

This year (2023), in many parts of the world, we witnessed more extreme weather events, such as droughts, apocalyptic floods, storms, and wildfires that keep damaging our ecosystems, infrastructure, and livelihoods. All these phenomena have been attributed to climate change. Sea level rise, ocean acidification, and loss of biodiversity are threatening the survival of many species and the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and shifting to cleaner and renewable sources of energy is essential to protect our planet and ourselves from the harmful effects of fossil fuels. While this is an undisputed fact, governments are yet to create any policies or framework that demands action from businesses and consumers to implement good practices of sector collaboration and private partnership around sustainability. There are many greener and less costly options available; and West Africa seems to hold the key to solve this long-overdue issue. Shea olein is a liquid oil that is obtained from shea butter, a fat extracted from the nuts of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa), which grows in the savannah regions of West and Central Africa. Shea butter has been used for centuries by the local people for various purposes, such as cooking, skin care, hair care, medicine, and candle making. Shea olein is the fraction of shea butter that remains liquid at room temperature, while shea stearin is the solid part that crystallizes. Shea olein has many applications in different industries, such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Shea olein is edible and has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. It can be used as a cooking oil, a margarine ingredient, a chocolate substitute, or a nutritional supplement. Shea olein is also widely used in the cosmetic industry as a moisturizer, emollient, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and sun protection agent. It can be found in products such as soap, lotion, cream, shampoo, conditioner, lip balm, and makeup. Shea olein is a valuable product that can be used for various purposes in different industries. Its potential as a biofuel is especially noteworthy because it can contribute to the global efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development. One of the most promising and innovative uses of shea olein is as a biofuel. Biofuels are fuels derived from renewable biological sources, such as plants or animal fats. They can be used as alternatives or additives to fossil fuels, such as gasoline or diesel. Biofuels have many advantages over fossil fuels, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security, creating rural development opportunities, and supporting biodiversity. Shea olein is an ideal biofuel because it has a high cetane number (a measure of the ignition quality of diesel fuel), a low cloud point (the temperature at which wax crystals form in diesel fuel), and a high oxidative stability (the resistance to oxidation or rancidity of oil). These properties make shea olein suitable for blending with diesel fuel or biodiesel without compromising the engine performance or causing any technical problems. Shea olein is, moreover, a natural and sustainable biofuel because it is produced from a renewable and abundant resource that does not compete with food crops or cause deforestation. Shea trees are native to Africa and grow naturally in the wild without any fertilizers or pesticides. They also provide multiple benefits to the environment and the local communities, such as preventing soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility, providing shade and habitat for wildlife, and generating income and employment. Shea olein is not only a natural and renewable source of energy but also a source of empowerment and prosperity for the African people who produce it. Since August 2023, Organic Trade and Investments (OTI) is invested in the commercialization of shea olein as a biofuel. The Company is now able to supply, on a monthly basis, 1,000 tons of 100% pure shea olein, loaded in 21 tons of flexi tanks for export at a competitive price.

Shea oil and shea olein are two products derived from shea butter, a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the shea tree, which grows in the savannah regions of West and Central Africa. Shea butter has been used for centuries by the local people for various purposes, such as cooking, skin care, hair care, medicine, and candle making. It seems, though, not many people know that there is a difference between shea oil and shea olein, and that this difference can affect their properties and applications. In this article, we will explain what shea oil and shea olein are, how they are produced, and what benefits they offer. What is Shea Oil? Shea oil is a by-product of shea butter extraction. Shea butter is made from the kernels of shea tree seeds, and when the butter is melted, the oil is removed to produce shea oil as a separate product and prevent the shea butter from being too oily. Shea oil is a liquid oil that has a golden yellow appearance and a mild nutty aroma. It has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. What is Shea Olein? Shea olein is a fractionated oil that is obtained from shea butter. To produce shea olein, shea butter is melted, and the oleic oil is separated from the solid parts. The oleic oil is lower in stearic fatty acid content, which is what gives shea butter its solid characteristics. Shea olein is also a liquid oil that has a golden yellow appearance, but it is generally unscented. It has a higher content of unsaponifiable compounds (minimum 6%), which are the non-fatty components of oils that have beneficial effects on the skin. What are the Benefits of Shea Oil and Shea Olein? Both shea oil and shea olein have many applications in different industries, such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. They share many properties as they are both derived from the same source. They are both edible and can be used as cooking oils, margarine ingredients, chocolate substitutes, or nutritional supplements. They are both widely used in the cosmetic industry as moisturizers, emollients, anti-inflammatories, anti-aging agents, and sun protection agents. They can be found in products such as soap, lotion, cream, shampoo, conditioner, lip balm, and makeup. They are both suitable for sensitive skin types and can help soothe skin conditions such as eczema, cracked heels, or damaged skin. Nonetheless, there are also some differences between shea oil and shea olein that can affect their suitability for different purposes. Let's dive into this. Shea oil tends to be more moisturizing and better for dry skin types as it contains higher levels of linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid that helps preserve the integrity of the skin barrier and retain moisture. It also reduces acne and inflammation. Shea olein tends to be more concentrated in unsaponifiable compounds than shea oil. Unsaponifiable compounds are the non-fatty components of oils that have beneficial effects on the skin. They include phytosterols (plant steroids), triterpene alcohols (anti-inflammatory agents), tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids (antioxidants), and squalene (moisturizer). Shea olein is more suitable for blending with other oils or ingredients than shea oil. This is because it has a lower melting point and a higher oxidative stability than shea oil. This means that it remains liquid at room temperature and does not go rancid easily. Shea olein is an ideal biofuel because it has a high cetane number (a measure of the ignition quality of diesel fuel), a low cloud point (the temperature at which wax crystals form in diesel fuel), and a high oxidative stability. These properties make shea olein compatible with diesel fuel or biodiesel without compromising the engine performance or causing any technical problems. How to Use Shea Oil and Shea Olein? Shea oil and shea olein can be used in various ways depending on your needs and preferences. Here are some tips on how to use them: For cooking : It's advisable to use shea olein as cooking oils for frying or baking. Shea olein has high smoke points (the temperature at which an oil starts to burn) of 232°C (450°F) and it has mild flavors that do not overpower the taste of your food. For skin care : You can use either shea oil or shea olein as moisturizers for your face and body. You can apply them directly to your skin or mix them with your favorite facial moisturizer, hand cream, or body lotion. They will help hydrate, nourish, and protect your skin from dryness, aging, and sun damage. For hair care : Both types of oil are excellent as conditioners for your hair. You can apply them to your hair after shampooing or use them as leave-in treatments. Both shea oil and shea olein will help soften, detangle, and add shine to your hair. They will also prevent split ends, breakage, and frizz. For biofuel : Use shea olein as a biofuel for your diesel engine. You can blend it with diesel fuel or biodiesel in any proportion without any modification to your engine. You can also use it as a pure fuel if you have a compatible engine. Shea olein is a natural and sustainable biofuel that reduces greenhouse gas emissions, enhances energy security, creates rural development opportunities, and supports biodiversity. Simply put, you need to know that shea oil and shea olein are products from shea butter with different properties and uses. Shea oil is more moisturizing, while shea olein is more concentrated and suitable for biofuel.